The Battle of the 12 George Longs

Long, Surnames, ,

(The title is a Lord of the Rings/Hobbit reference in case you missed it. It made sense to me.)

I’ve mentioned a few times in past blog posts a project I’m working on to determine which George Long of the seemingly thousands in Ohio in the 1820s to 1830s is the George Long who died in Hancock County in 1855. I started working on this project as preparation for taking one of the Irish courses I’ve taken over the years… thinking I’d figure out how to get my George into Ireland. However, once I really got started, I realized I’d need to figure out WHICH George Long was even mine to begin with. And once I started analyzing things, I identified 12 George Longs who had even the slightest potential to be the right man. You have to eliminate those to be sure. The final element of the Genealogical Proof Standard is that you have to present your findings in writing, especially in tough cases that aren’t self-explanatory. If it isn’t in writing and accessible somewhere, it does no good to other researchers anyway.

[Unless you are one of those people who love to find the answer and then hoard it for yourself (like Gollum). Don’t be Gollum. He nearly destroyed all of Middle Earth.]

I am finishing up this project but ran across my early beginning notes, which are funny but also have part of the resolution I came to on them!

It was fun to look back at these scribbles once I’ve nearly finished and am confident in my findings. And it is good to know, even after this journey of identifying the correct George Long, that I was on the right track in the beginning.

This has been consuming my time over the past few months (along with my day job and my family), but I’ll be back to blogging more regularly (I hope) once I finalize this project and get it off my desk. In the meantime, happy scribbling!

Don’t Stop Digging: BLM GLO Records Tip

Genealogical Persistence, , , ,

I wanted to share a tip that recently worked out nicely for me. It has to do with the previous topic of “genealogical persistence.” I’ve been working on disambiguating two men of the same name of about the same age in the same county in Ohio. Last post I talked a bit about some military records. The “other” George Long obtained a War of 1812 pension and in those records, it noted that he also obtained 120 acres of land through a military warrant.

The land for a military warrant could have been located just about anywhere in the U.S. And George Long is a pretty common name. The Bureau of Land Management’s General Land Office (BLM GLO) database and online images is a fantastic resource for people researching ancestors in the Federal Land States (Public Land States). This database holds land records of many types, among them are military warrants.

A wide-open search for “George Long” in any state returns way too many results to find the record efficiently. George’s pension packet shows that he obtained this land after 1871. I know from other research that he died in 1880.

In the “Search Documents By Type” tab, there are a lot of options for narrowing down your search. I tried several. Again, I didn’t know where the land might be located so narrowing down by location wouldn’t work. There is the option to narrow your search down by “Authority,” or by the law/program that the land was disposed under. It is a very long list, and I didn’t see one for “military warrant” or something similar. There are several “Scrip Warrant Act” authorities, but offhand, I didn’t know which one might have applied. (And if it should have been obvious, well, what can I say…sometimes the obvious eludes us.)

The BLM GLO Records Website

My tip is that I used the information I found from his pension packet to narrow down the search by what I know.

First, I tried looking by warrant number. In his pension packet, there is this note:

George Long’s War of 1812 Pension, 120 Acres, Patent #41868

Searching by that number in the “Search Documents By Identifier” tab did not return any results:

I tried that number in a couple of different fields, on the “Search Documents By Identifier” tab, and could not locate the correct entry.

I ultimately found it by narrowing my search down by date. From the pension I know he obtained the warrant in 1871, and he died in 1880, so I narrowed by search by those dates.

I then also noticed the “Document #” field in that same “Miscellaneous” section (see, the obvious doesn’t always jump out at you).

Here is “other” George Long’s entry:

The entry shows the correct militia: Captain Brown’s Company Maryland Militia. The document number and the number of acres match. I would never have known to look in Nebraska.

If I had to try every option on this database, I was going to, because I knew this record had to be in there. I have the feeling that some people are going to write me and say something like “I knew that” or give me some kind of tip for using the site… and if you do (or are tempted to), you are missing my point.

My point is, we don’t know everything … not about every website and how they work and how the data was cataloged. And if you ever encounter a site that’s not as familiar to you, you have to figure out how to work it to your advantage. This is an example of taking known information and narrowing down results to find what you need… It’s not about using the BLM website per se. This is an example of genealogical persistence.

Long story and many screenshots to say keep looking, trying, clicking, and searching! Something will eventually work, I’m certain of it.

Don’t Stop Digging: Graves Registration Cards, Ohio

Genealogical Persistence, , ,

I have been working on a project to identify the correct George Long to be my ancestor. There are about a hundred to choose from in Ohio (ok, it is a slight exaggeration, I have identified 12 candidates in the right time and places).

I was working on one particular candidate who was living in the right county at the same time as my George Long. So in this case, I am proving that there are indeed two George Longs in Hancock County, Ohio at the same time. Two important record types I’m using to prove this are land and military records. I have gone through the deeds for the county and pulled out those that belong to “my” George and those that belong to “that other” George. Turns out the “other” George has a LOT of deeds in the county. He was buying and selling and making a profit. “My” George Long, bought one piece of land and lived there until his death in 1855.

While work on this project, I have found TWO “Graves Registration Cards” created as a project by the Works Progress Administration (WPA), one of each of these Georges, but attributing the same service to BOTH men!

Graves Registration Card for the “other” George Long
Graves Registration Card for “my” George Long

They are both attributed to Lieutenant Robert Harvey’s Company during the War of 1812, same enlistment and discharge dates. Examining the book Roster of Ohio soldiers in the War of 1812, there is only one George Long in this particular company. They are from “probably Ross County.”

Digging a bit more about the Graves Registration Cards, I asked an archivist at the Ohio History Connection about the cards. She replied that there is no way to know where exactly they obtained the information on the cards. As I imagine it, now that I’ve done more research, they possibly went through the cemeteries, found tombstones or cemetery records of men of about the right age, looked for them in the Adjutant General’s list, and made them a card. (I could be wrong but that is my best guess.)

Anyhow, looking for other proof to determine if either George Long served in the War of 1812, I did the obituary for the “other” George which stated he was in that war. I also found a pension for him. I know it is the “other” George because it names his wife which I had already identified in other records as being the wife of the “other” George. It also shows that his service was in Captain John Brown’s Company of the Maryland Militia. (Also, record for “my” George never mention War of 1812 service, not his obituary, nor an entry in a county history.)

So, both Graves Registration Cards are incorrect, but one is more correct than the other.  You might ask why I put so much effort into researching a man who is not “my” George Long. Well, to meet the Genealogical Proof Standard, you have to resolve conflicts, you can’t ignore them. So, in this case, I have to identify and disambiguate two men of the same name (not just the same, but a common name at that), of about the same age, in the same county.

I’ve said it before, and I’ll say it again I’m sure… but don’t stop looking, asking, and clicking. There’s always more to find!

Finding Laws

Certification, ,

George Long supposedly came from “North of Ireland” to Carroll County, Ohio, in about 1817.1 The problem is, Carroll County did not exist in 1817; it was formed in 1833 from five counties: Columbiana, Harrison, Jefferson, Stark, and Tuscarawas. My hypothesis is then that he had to have been in one of these counties before coming to Hancock County.

In writing my proof argument, I wanted to cite the exact law that created Carroll County. I have numerous books on Ohio, the county boundary changes, I also utilize the Newberry Library’s Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Atlas has a timeline of each county’s boundary changes, as well as a bibliography to help point you to the laws.

Atlas of Historical County Boundaries entry for Carroll County.

As you can see, the entry lists sources for the information. I like to read the laws myself. (I guess I have trust issues. But that all stems from being “burned” in the past.)

I turned to Debbie Mieszala’s website The Advancing Genealogist. She has been collecting and posting links to historic law books. I found the one referenced in the image above quite easily. She links directly to the book on Google Books.2 Very handy! Thank you to Debbie for this fantastic resource!

The first part of the law that changed the boundaries and added Carroll County.

If you need to find a historic law, try Debbie’s website. It is a great resource that has saved me a bunch of time on this and other projects as well. Check it out!

1. J. H. Beers, Commemorative, Historical and Biographical Record of Wood County, Ohio. (Chicago:  J.H. Beers and Co, 1897), pp. 714-715. Available on Google Books.↩

2. Acts of A General Nature Passed at the First Session of the Thirty First General Assembly of the State of Ohio (Columbus: State of Ohio, 1832), p. 8; digital image, Google Books (https://books.google.com/ : Viewed 17 July 2024.↩

A bit of a rest…

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Leading up to GRIP (GRIP Genealogy Institute) was a whirlwind. Cyndi Ingle, Paula Stuart-Warren, and I put together a brand new course about researching your farming ancestors. We had so much fun doing the research to put the course together. We ran into so many interesting topics, resources, historical events, inventions, records, repositories, and so on, that the course probably could have been two weeks, easy. But that’s a story for another time. All of that work and then the teaching for the week, while fun, was also exhausting; I took a little rest from the blog.

But I’m back, at least somewhat. I’m now working on a big project that has a due date… my recertification project is in full swing! I cannot believe how fast five years goes. Well, these last five years have been weird anyway, so that didn’t help matters.

I am one of those crazy morning people. Since January and getting ready for GRIP, I have been getting up at 5:30 am and shortly thereafter heading to my office to get a couple of hours of work in before my workday at Ancestry ProGenealogists. It has been going very well. Now that GRIP is over, I’ve been working on this project in the same time slot and have made some great progress.

I’ve written about this project before. The target ancestor is George Long, who died in Hancock County, Ohio, in 1855. Where did he come from before Hancock County? I identified 11 candidate George Longs in the right time and place. So, my project has been first identifying and then eliminating those candidates, and then researching the one left standing to prove he is the right man.

Stay tuned for more fun times.

Just Keep Looking…

Farming Ancestors

One of the points we are going to stress in our GRIP course “Not Just Farmers,” is to keep looking. Don’t stop just because one thing didn’t turn up any records for you. There are always more databases, digitized collections, online books, and so much more to find.

I have been researching my third great-grandfather for years. Samuel Cook Dimick and his son Marshall Chester worked a farm east of Bowling Green, Ohio, in Wood County. A few years ago I dug deeper into his life to develop his timeline for my lecture on the subject. I found so many new records about him during that research that I figured I had probably reached near the most of what I could find.

For this course, I am using him as one of my example farmers because I had already gathered so much information on him. However, while preparing for these new topics on farming, I have found so much more! Tidbits on his farm, crops, social activities in farming clubs, his involvement in the Prohibition movement, experiments and data collection he took part in for scientific studies, etc. During this work, I found new and exciting digitized collections I could access from home. I also found many finding aids and collections that I need to access in person (either myself or by hiring a researcher to go on my behalf).

My point in sharing this is to encourage you to keep looking, digging, clicking, and reading. Below are a few new things I learned about Samuel Cook Dimick.

He took part in a data collection study to improve the sugar beet industry. He was listed in an 1898 report to the Federal Government which indicates that he grew a variant called “Vilmorin’s Improved” sugar beets and the average weight and amount of sugar in the beet was collected. It also recorded that the season was favorable that year.

Progress of the Beet-Sugar Industry of the United States, 1898; available on Google Books.

He entered some items in the Wood County Fair in the “Plain Needle Work” category:

The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, Bowling Green, Ohio, 7 October 1890, p. 3. 

I had no idea.

The things you learn when you keep on clicking!

The Nigerian Prince: Swindlers and Vigilantes in Agriculture

Farming Ancestors, , , , ,

Scammers are nothing new. They have probably existed as long as people have. And you only have to look so far as the newspapers to see them in the 1800s in the U.S. In our GRIP course, “Not Just Farmers,” I will be talking about “Farming Outside the Law.”

One topic I’ll be covering are vigilante groups who were not happy with the speed that law-makers moved. If they saw an injustice, they just took it upon themselves to right the wrongs. A premise I can get behind in general, but you know these groups always take things too far. One group’s goal was to intimidate sheepmen from grazing on public lands. There was a belief that sheep were inferior to cattle (longer story that I have time to go into here) and therefore groups formed to run off the sheepherders. Well, intimidation turned to violence and killing of sheep.

Another topic I’ll be touching on are the scammers, conmen, swindlers, and thieves that used an agricultural front to make their fortune. Many news articles can be found warning communities of a conman working in an area. For example…

Swindlers and people taking the law into their own hands… it’s a tale as old as time. And we’ll be talking more about it in our course. I hope you can join us!

History of Christmas Tree Sales – George Biniker

Farming Ancestors, , , ,

One of my lectures in the upcoming GRIP course, “Not Just Farmers,” is on historical “side-hustles.” Basically, farming families did not make enough money with farming alone to pay the bills. They added to their incomes with other jobs, sometimes off the farm. This lecture will explore that topic. One “rabbit hole” I went down while working on this topic is that of Christmas tree farms.

In my family tree is a man named George Biniker, who, according to his obituary, was “one of the largest Christmas tree dealers in the area.” I had always liked that little tidbit about him but never took the opportunity to research it until this course came along.

Daily Sentinel Tribune, Bowling Green, Ohio, 23 February 1993, p. 2. col. 5.

Christmas trees were originally introduced to Americans by German settlers in the early 1800s. In 1851, Christmas trees began to be sold commercially in the United States, cut down randomly from forests. The first known Christmas tree farm was a 25,000-acre Spruce farm set up in 1901 near Trenton, New Jersey by W. V. McGalliard.1 Initially, Christmas tree farms were  seen as a way to utilize poor farmland. The first national survey of the Christmas tree industry was taken in 1948. At that time, about 85% of the 21 million Christmas trees were grown in the wild. By 1971, half of Christmas trees were grown on farms as a cash crop.2

The business of a Christmas tree farm is not a lucrative business. It is a lot of work, with narrow margins, and a long lead time. Christmas trees do not grow quickly. One you might buy at a store or market is anywhere from five to 14 years old. There is a delicate balance between not selling enough and selling too many trees on any one year. As one farmer in the business states “A lot of these could be cut, but next year they will be a foot taller and 20 bucks or more.”3

George Biniker indeed was a Christmas tree dealer. He also was a dealer in hay, straw, and coal, and later was a seed agent for Pfister Hybrid seeds for the Arthur Walter Seed Company. He, like most farmers, found financial supplementation in endless ways.

1. “The History of Christmas Trees,” National Christmas Tree Association (https://realchristmastrees.org/education/history-of-christmas-trees/ : viewed May 2024).↩

2. Maria Hasenstab, “A Quick History of the Christmas Tree Industry,” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (https://www.stlouisfed.org/open-vault/2017/december/history-christmas-tree-industry : viewed May 2024).↩

3. Chris Chafin, “The Barely Profitable World of the Christmas Tree Grower,” Ambrook Research, Farm Finance (https://ambrook.com/research/farm-finance/christmas-tree-grower-profits : viewed May 2024).↩

Another rabbit hole…Barbed Wire…collectors?

Farming Ancestors, ,

I was doing some research for the “Not Just Farmers” course at GRIP, on barbed wire and how it changed the country. It basically spelled the end of the large cattle drives because as settlers moved in and homesteaded, they also put up fencing to marking off and protecting their land for their own use. But that’s a whole ‘nother topic that is not the rabbit hole for today.

I was using the phrase “barbed wire” as a search term on ArchiveGrid to demonstrate finding records for farming inventions. And I came across a collection that is located at History Colorado titled “Evelyn Barrick Barbed Wire Collection.” The ArchiveGrid description says that the collection contains Evelyn’s barbed wire collection and correspondence with those she traded barbed wire with.

The entry from ArchiveGrid.

Ok, I have heard of some whacky hobbies and collections, but this one was new for me. I clicked on the item which took me to the finding aid at the History Colorado website. Turns out, there are all kinds of barbed wire collectors in the world. Evelyn and her husband belonged to the Colorado Wire Collector’s Association. I swear, there’s a club or association for everything!

Link to the finding aid.

So, it’s now on my list to someday head down to Denver to the History Colorado archive to take a look at Evelyn Barrick’s barbed wire collection. See, the things you didn’t know you needed to know.

You know you’re deep in a rabbit hole when…

Farming Ancestors,

This might become a regular topic on my blog. So many times I find myself down deep in rabbit holes when researching. You’ve never done that, I’m sure. As I’m preparing for the “Not Just Farmers” course for GRIP, I am finding myself on many a winding research paths and then I wonder how I got there!

This week’s rabbit hole brought to you by “History of Plant Hardiness Zone Maps” found on the Plant Delights Nursery, Inc. website. You know, those maps you find on the backs of seed packets or in gardening books. Like this one from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

“2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map,” USDA (https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/). 

The history of these maps is fascinating. I won’t restate everything. You can click on the link to the article above and read for yourself. But what I found most interesting is that the first such map was published by the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University in 1927 and compiled by Dr. Alfred Rehder from data collected from a survey about plants and their survivability in different regions. In 1938, the Arboretum published another map based on 40 years of data from the U. S. Weather Bureau.

It wasn’t until 1960 that the USDA published its first map…based on different data…resulting in conflicting information. The Arnold Arboretum maps remained the standard until 1990, “when the US Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the U.S. National Arboretum, updated the USDA hardiness map, using data from between 4,800 to 14,500 weather stations.”

Following rabbit holes can really dig up a lot of information that may or may not be included in the course, or that course could last 2 full weeks or more! But this information can be useful in understanding our farming ancestors a little more deeply, perhaps. And may be useful come pub trivia night!